INS Karanj (S23) is the third submarine of the Kalvari-class — India's most modern conventional submarine programme. Built at Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders (MDL), Mumbai, under a Transfer of Technology agreement with Naval Group (formerly DCNS) of France, she was launched on 31 January 2018 and commissioned on 10 March 2021.

The name "Karanj" refers to an island off the coast of Mumbai. She is the second Indian Navy submarine to bear this name — the first Karanj served from 1969 to 2003.

The Kalvari Programme — Made in India

The Kalvari-class (Project 75) is India's most significant submarine construction programme — six Scorpène-type submarines built indigenously with French technology:

Stealth & Capabilities

The Scorpène design incorporates exceptional noise-reduction technology, making these submarines among the quietest conventional submarines in service. Key capabilities:

• ▸Anti-Surface Warfare — SM-39 Exocet anti-ship missiles fired through torpedo tubes
• ▸Anti-Submarine Warfare — heavyweight F17 torpedoes
• ▸Intelligence Gathering — advanced sonar and sensor suites
• ▸Mine-Laying — can deploy mines covertly
• ▸Special Operations — diver lock-out capabilities

General Characteristics